What are the benefits to be gained by gardening? Here are some of the benefits of gardening as a hobby but as a fun.
* Positive impact on health
Gardening same as doing exercise to burn calories, so good for body health. When gardening, you will be doing activities such as mowing the lawn, trim the plants, adjusting the pot, planting flowers and plants, provide fertilizer and watering. Gardening activities will burn between 280 calories to 380 calories per hour. The number of calories burned is the same with sexual activity for 3 hours or the equivalent of jogging or running for 30 minutes or run a distance of 2.5 km. Even gardening can burn more calories than cycling. Gardening equivalent of a workout at the gym who will spend a lot of money. In addition, these activities are supporting the physical and psychological health.
Gardening activities are also beneficial for men's health, especially in matters of sex. Gardening can overcome the problem of impotence or erectile dysfunction for men. With gardening for men, will reduce the risk of impotence.
* Reduce stress levels
Gardening is also capable of reducing one's stress level. After completing the day or a week full of busy and full of stress, it's fun to come home and start gardening at the end of the day or on weekends. Gardening activities can serve as stress relief, pain and frustration. In addition, while waiting for plants to germinate and flower buds, it will help someone exercise patience and look forward with positive thoughts.
For those who are elderly (seniors), gardening has many benefits. Caring for plants can make the elderly feel that they still needed and not lonely.
For those who experience mental health problems or have psychological disorders, gardening activities also have a positive impact. With gardening, one can feel comfortable and calm. Especially when working on the garden with plants and flowers are beautiful and quiet environment. Furthermore, the activities of caring for flowers and gardening can help a person gain self-confidence.
However, not only those who gardening environmental benefits from green to be made. The people who live or be around the house with a beautiful garden would also benefit. Some studies show that people will feel more comfortable with the environment that many green plants.
* Cure diseases and speed up the process of health recovery
Some hospital patients found to heal faster when they're on the green or the environment in the room with indoor plants. When measured blood pressure and heart rate, patients who are in treatment period and was in a green environment will heal faster. So if a family member is sick, then by making homes beautiful garden and accelerate the healing of the family members.
In addition, with gardening, it can lower one's blood pressure so avoid hypertension. Gardening activities was also able to help people with diabetes. Since the number of calories burned, will directly influence the levels of sugar in the body.
* Extend
Because health is stable and more peaceful mind, then this will affect the age. The results showed that people who love gardening have an average life period longer than those who do not like gardening.
Sure, gardening is fun. You can have a beautiful little garden in your home or garden full of green trees unsightly eye. This in addition to fun activities, too many benefits. Try to start making your lawn more green with gardening.
Monday, March 22, 2010
Gardening in the Garden, House
Gardening certainly a fun job. Instead of looking at the empty yard, how beautiful trees. Take care of ornamental plants, fruits, medicinal plants can make leisure time more useful. The atmosphere seemed a place to stay fresher. But, what if you do not have enough land? Or just an inch of land in front of the house that mediocre? In fact, the desire huge tree care. About it, should be discouraged, no way. The mothers, the teen or his father who has retired can still do it on the sidelines of the activities of daily routine. Vertikultur is a thrifty way of agricultural land. Very suitable to be applied in dense residential areas.
Vertikultur words taken from English, which is a merger verticulture two words, vertical and culture. Understanding is a way of farming that is done by multilevel system. Cultivate the land in this system is not much different from the planting of trees like in a garden or field.
But there are advantages to be obtained, ie with a minimum of land capable of producing maximum results.
In agriculture in general or conventional, perhaps one square meter can only be planted five trees. Multilevel pattern or through this story, can be covered up to five bars.
The way is by making a shelf to put the plant. Without having planted directly in the area. Shelves can be made of wood, board or spices.
If you want to use a stronger steel frame or stainless steel. But it is more expensive to make.
On models and sizes, up to creativity buyer. Created in such a way as to be able to cram a lot of plants. In general, the rectangular, triangular, or shaped like stairs. With a few steps or a shelf. What is important is strong and easily moveable.
Some form of buildings combined with materials such as zinc or aluminum rectangle. Purpose is to sprinkle the ground, as the planting medium. It's similar to the rice fields or gardens.
A number of flower pots can also be lined up on the shelf. Problem container tree, do not have to buy in the market. Try and look into the barn or porch. Paint cans, used oil, or a plastic bottle of mineral drinks obsolete, can be utilized.
In the manufacture of building framework, which take into account is height. Treatment plants will be easier if the rack is made properly. Because farming multilevel understanding, certainly is like a ladder, piled up.
Not directly planted in the ground in the yard, but addressed the floor. The distance a little bit high from the ground, very useful when there is a pool of water. The floor stayed clean even when it is placed around the room or ceramic tile.
Shelves easily placed anywhere as you wish. Can in the front yard, side, above the level, even in the room though. Building framework is made higher to prevent the plants by water terendamnya.
Creativity can be delivered at home by painting the pots or shelves. To add a touch of art more interesting. Combined also with different colors from various plants. May be also added to the pot paraphernalia, such as container water below or hanging pots.
In addition to ornamental plants, medicinal trees planted too well. Not bad to add a collection, very useful anyway. Type of tread virgin, sambiloto or broken glass with easy living in a pot.
Not only that, the combination tabulapot (fruit plants in the pot) will add to the contents of "garden" is more solid. To get it, go ahead to the seller of the plant. Various kinds of trees are small already provided fruitful.
Former or remaining drums of paint once the largest size is perfect for containers. It's kind of trees are too heavy put on the shelf. However, the father or mother can adjust its placement.
Vertikultur highly suitable for cultivation of seasonal crops, eg vegetables. In addition to plant it easy, enjoyed immediate results. Variety of vegetables that can be planted include celery, lettuce, kale, spinach or basil. Tree chili, tomatoes, or eggplant, is also easy to grow in the pot. Type of poly bag or plastic bag black thick, can replace the function of potted plants.
Live and how to manage it alone care. If the result too much, sold in addition to the family. Besides a healthier and more environmentally friendly.
Why, what does? for the cultivation of this plant, the family members no longer need to spend money to buy fertilizer. Natural fertilizer can be made yourself from the remnants of kitchen garbage. Vegetable scraps, fruit skin or leftover food is a useful organic material. Material that is easily broken down by soil and is required by the plants.
Making a pile in the ground. Allowed to decompose for about a month. After that can be used as a planting medium. With added by a mixture of sand, loose soil, and compost earlier. A balanced proportion, ie 1:1:1.
Vertikultur words taken from English, which is a merger verticulture two words, vertical and culture. Understanding is a way of farming that is done by multilevel system. Cultivate the land in this system is not much different from the planting of trees like in a garden or field.
But there are advantages to be obtained, ie with a minimum of land capable of producing maximum results.
In agriculture in general or conventional, perhaps one square meter can only be planted five trees. Multilevel pattern or through this story, can be covered up to five bars.
The way is by making a shelf to put the plant. Without having planted directly in the area. Shelves can be made of wood, board or spices.
If you want to use a stronger steel frame or stainless steel. But it is more expensive to make.
On models and sizes, up to creativity buyer. Created in such a way as to be able to cram a lot of plants. In general, the rectangular, triangular, or shaped like stairs. With a few steps or a shelf. What is important is strong and easily moveable.
Some form of buildings combined with materials such as zinc or aluminum rectangle. Purpose is to sprinkle the ground, as the planting medium. It's similar to the rice fields or gardens.
A number of flower pots can also be lined up on the shelf. Problem container tree, do not have to buy in the market. Try and look into the barn or porch. Paint cans, used oil, or a plastic bottle of mineral drinks obsolete, can be utilized.
In the manufacture of building framework, which take into account is height. Treatment plants will be easier if the rack is made properly. Because farming multilevel understanding, certainly is like a ladder, piled up.
Not directly planted in the ground in the yard, but addressed the floor. The distance a little bit high from the ground, very useful when there is a pool of water. The floor stayed clean even when it is placed around the room or ceramic tile.
Shelves easily placed anywhere as you wish. Can in the front yard, side, above the level, even in the room though. Building framework is made higher to prevent the plants by water terendamnya.
Creativity can be delivered at home by painting the pots or shelves. To add a touch of art more interesting. Combined also with different colors from various plants. May be also added to the pot paraphernalia, such as container water below or hanging pots.
In addition to ornamental plants, medicinal trees planted too well. Not bad to add a collection, very useful anyway. Type of tread virgin, sambiloto or broken glass with easy living in a pot.
Not only that, the combination tabulapot (fruit plants in the pot) will add to the contents of "garden" is more solid. To get it, go ahead to the seller of the plant. Various kinds of trees are small already provided fruitful.
Former or remaining drums of paint once the largest size is perfect for containers. It's kind of trees are too heavy put on the shelf. However, the father or mother can adjust its placement.
Vertikultur highly suitable for cultivation of seasonal crops, eg vegetables. In addition to plant it easy, enjoyed immediate results. Variety of vegetables that can be planted include celery, lettuce, kale, spinach or basil. Tree chili, tomatoes, or eggplant, is also easy to grow in the pot. Type of poly bag or plastic bag black thick, can replace the function of potted plants.
Live and how to manage it alone care. If the result too much, sold in addition to the family. Besides a healthier and more environmentally friendly.
Why, what does? for the cultivation of this plant, the family members no longer need to spend money to buy fertilizer. Natural fertilizer can be made yourself from the remnants of kitchen garbage. Vegetable scraps, fruit skin or leftover food is a useful organic material. Material that is easily broken down by soil and is required by the plants.
Making a pile in the ground. Allowed to decompose for about a month. After that can be used as a planting medium. With added by a mixture of sand, loose soil, and compost earlier. A balanced proportion, ie 1:1:1.
Chili
Chili comes from the new world (Mexico, Central America and the Andes in South America). The cause of the sharpness of chili peppers is capsaicin varies according to variety and climatic influence. Hot weather stimulates more spicy chili.
Description:
* Plants short-lived perennial shrubs, flower color depending on the species. Perakarannya system rather spread, heart, heart-shaped leaves oblong or oval with the location alternating. Main stem erect and woody at the base, with 30-75 cm tall plants.
* The first flowers appear from the top of the main axis and will appear next to the armpit leaves. White flower color to purple. The fruit can be green or purple (young) and red, orange or yellow (old). Form of fruit varied from linear, conical, rounded or combined with fruit upright position, sloping or hanging, depending on the cultivars.
Chili Type:
* Big Chili (Capsicum annuum)
o Red Chili (Chile Peppper (Ingg.), C. annuum var. longum (Latin))
o Paprika (Bell Pepper (Ingg.), C. annuum var grossum)
o green peppers (C. annum var. annuum)
* Small chilli / cayenne pepper. (Tobasco pepper (Ingg.), C. futescens (Latin))
o Chili jemprit
o Chili ceplik
o White Chili
Red Chili varieties:
* TM-999. Curly chili varieties of this hybrid has a very strong growth and solid. Pembungaannya ongoing so that it can be harvested in the long term. Yuzu 12.5 cm x 0.8 cm with a weight of 5-6 g. The fruit It was very spicy, suitable to be ground and dried. Hasul per plant ranges from 0.8-1.2 kg.
* TM 888. These hybrid varieties have a great figure and plant leaf is wider than 999 TM. A good adaptation to the environmental conditions of heat, resistant phytaphthora & anttraknosa attack. Fruit length 13.5 x 1.4 cm with a weight of 7-8 g. The fruit
* SALERO. As generally attractive curly chili lo * cal. These varieties have adapted a wide planting with productivity per hectare is high.
* Taro. Taro varieties have fruit size slightly larger than curly caabai-999 TM. Figure big and sturdy plants with long branching segments. The plant is capable of producing good * in low to moderate (up to 1000 m above sea level). Results per plant ranges from 0.75-1.2 kg, depending on the final conditions of the plant.
* Kunthi. Has a shape of a curly, coarse skin, sharp points, taste spicy like chili and uniform local clubs. Plants robust, and able to adapt the plains rendaah, moderate to high. Long harvest period of fruit production was so high with the potential result of 20 tons per hectare. Quality fruit ba * good cause this variety is consumed fresh in the form of green or red peppers and can be dried.
* Ex-01. This hybrid curly chili has the form of fruit really curly. This started a lot of chili farmers planted, although so far its development is still based on low-lying areas, but the chili Ex-01 was actually able to produce and grow well in flat * the medium to high. Chili is suitable for fresh or dried consumption, with production per hektanya able to reach more than 20 tons.
* HOT BEAUTY. Varieties of chili peppers are called chili TW. The fruit has a size of 13 x 1.4 cm and weighs 7.5 grams per fruit. Lack of red pedasdan tempting. Shape of a large and thin fruit flesh. Stay fresh for a week since the quotation. Longer harvest period and can be planted in low or high plains.
* LONG CHILI. Larger fruit size than hot beauty and hero. Fruit size 18 x 2 cm and weighs 18 grams per fruit. Red fruit color when ripe. Shape of a slender, smooth skin and thick flesh. Able to produce 2 kg per plant. Only able to produce in the highlands of 800-1500 m above sea level.
* HERO. These varieties measuring 15 x 1.8 cm and an average weight of 16 grams per fruit. Able berpraduksi planting 1,9-2,1 kg. Suitable planted in areas with an altitude of 400-800 m above sea level, but can also adapt to the low-lying 50-200 m above sea level. Antraknosa sensitive, so better planted in the dry season.
* WEDNESDAY. These varieties suitable developed in the lowlands to moderate (0-800 mdpl). Appearance branching plant with lots of solid and dense and compact theme. These varieties have a high genetic purity so that in one stretch of crop looks uniform. Resistant to pests and diseases trips yaws / antraksnosa. The fruit is cylindrical straight, sharp points, solid, thick flesh, taste spicy and deep red color gloss at masaak. The first harvest takes about 70-75 HST (days after planting) with the results of 1.0-1,5 kg / plant or about 18-27 tons / ha. The fruit is resistant to long-distance transportation.
* Marathon. Like King, Marathon also suitable varieties planted in the lowlands to moderate. Physical appearance and sturdy upright and have a more dense canopy and compact. These varieties have a high genetic purity, resistance to Pseudomonas seranaan wilting disease, yaws / antraksnosa, and leaf spots like * teri. Suitable planted in late winter or rainy season kemaraau. The average weight per fruit reaches 12. 5-14.3 g. Harvest per * funds takes approximately 70-75 HST with the results of 1.0-1.5 kg / plant or about 18-27 tons / ha. Bear fruit in storage and transport distance.
* ARIMBI-513. Having a solid appearance and a stout branch and wide. These varieties are relatively resistant to pests and diseases, especially bacterial wilt. The fruit is large, smooth tip Ian * chip, 13 cm long, 2 cm in diameter, red color, compact and highly qualified. Fruit production ongoing and began to be harvested at the age of 80 HST. The average production of 1.25-1.5 kg / plant or 22.5-27.0 with a population of 18,000 tons of plants per hectare. The fruit stand long distance transportation and can be marketed locally and exported.
* CAKRA WHITE. Cayenne pepper varieties are yellowish-white color turned bright red when ripe. Tanman very strong growth with more branching form. The position of the fruit up to the top with a slightly flattened shape and taste very spicy. Capable of producing 12 tons of fruit per hectare with an average of 300 fruits per plant, harvested at the age of 85-90 HST. White chakra is also resistant to attack antraksnosa disease.
* CAKRA GREEN. Cayenne pepper varieties are able to adapt well in the lowlands or high. When the young plants and the fruit is green turned red after cooking. Potential result 600 g per plant or 12 tons per hectare. It was hot, too * resistant against pests and diseases that attack the chilies used. Harvest took place at the age of 80 HST.
Temperature:
* 18 to 27 C
* Temperature is too high but low humidity increase the rate of transpi * resulting constellation of flowers and fruit fall.
Cultivation:
* Soil fertility and good berdrainase
* Relative resistance to soil acidity
* Semai - transplant: 4 - 5 weeks
* Pewiwilan
* In the high rainfall rates will easily fall
Harvest:
* 2 to 3 BST, the harvest interval of 2-3 days.
* In chili or chili curly, harvesting can be done up to 6 months. Cayenne pepper for 2 years to achieve. How to harvest fruit from the tree chili should be noted to avoid damage to the chilli plants that can produce optimally. Optimum temperature for storage chili 7-10 o C. If stored below this temperature may cause damage Chilling injury which damaged fruit.
Pests and Diseases:
* Worm grayak
Symptoms of the attack was the holes in the leaves. Chemically control by spraying insecticides, such as Baythroid 50 EC, 25 WP Alsystin, Curacorn. Semprotnya volume approximately 500 l water / ha.
* Cercospora leaf spot disease
Cercospora capsici cause, with symptoms of brown spots on the attack that infected leaves which gradually enlarged and caused the death of leaves. In addition to cutting and burning of infected leaves, another way of control is by spraying fungicide such as Topsin M 70 WP, Delsen MX-200 as much as 1-2 kg / ha.
* Disease Antraknosa
Cause Gleosporium piperatum and Colletotrichum capsici. Symptoms marked by decay in the chili bauh attacked. This disease can attack the fruit in both the field and in storage. Besides a good way of cultivating the land and sanitation can be chemically control as leaf spot disease.
* The virus that attacks the chili among other mosai Tobacco virus, cucumber mosaic virus. In the Cucumber mosaic virus attack symptoms of bone and flesh dried leaves of dark green leaves. Pengendalain infected plants to avoid spreading the virus by way of eradication dalah (destroyed).
* Fell sprouts (Damping-off)
Cause Phytium, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophtora. The disease is characterized by the failure of seeds to germinate or death of seedlings soon after emergence. Prevention of this disease is by soaking the seeds in a solution of the appropriate fungicide, dipped for 5 minutes in a solution of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution or by soaking in hot water (50 o C) for 1 hour. Prevention in the seedbed sowing can chalk sufficiently above the surface of the seedbed.
Description:
* Plants short-lived perennial shrubs, flower color depending on the species. Perakarannya system rather spread, heart, heart-shaped leaves oblong or oval with the location alternating. Main stem erect and woody at the base, with 30-75 cm tall plants.
* The first flowers appear from the top of the main axis and will appear next to the armpit leaves. White flower color to purple. The fruit can be green or purple (young) and red, orange or yellow (old). Form of fruit varied from linear, conical, rounded or combined with fruit upright position, sloping or hanging, depending on the cultivars.
Chili Type:
* Big Chili (Capsicum annuum)
o Red Chili (Chile Peppper (Ingg.), C. annuum var. longum (Latin))
o Paprika (Bell Pepper (Ingg.), C. annuum var grossum)
o green peppers (C. annum var. annuum)
* Small chilli / cayenne pepper. (Tobasco pepper (Ingg.), C. futescens (Latin))
o Chili jemprit
o Chili ceplik
o White Chili
Red Chili varieties:
* TM-999. Curly chili varieties of this hybrid has a very strong growth and solid. Pembungaannya ongoing so that it can be harvested in the long term. Yuzu 12.5 cm x 0.8 cm with a weight of 5-6 g. The fruit It was very spicy, suitable to be ground and dried. Hasul per plant ranges from 0.8-1.2 kg.
* TM 888. These hybrid varieties have a great figure and plant leaf is wider than 999 TM. A good adaptation to the environmental conditions of heat, resistant phytaphthora & anttraknosa attack. Fruit length 13.5 x 1.4 cm with a weight of 7-8 g. The fruit
* SALERO. As generally attractive curly chili lo * cal. These varieties have adapted a wide planting with productivity per hectare is high.
* Taro. Taro varieties have fruit size slightly larger than curly caabai-999 TM. Figure big and sturdy plants with long branching segments. The plant is capable of producing good * in low to moderate (up to 1000 m above sea level). Results per plant ranges from 0.75-1.2 kg, depending on the final conditions of the plant.
* Kunthi. Has a shape of a curly, coarse skin, sharp points, taste spicy like chili and uniform local clubs. Plants robust, and able to adapt the plains rendaah, moderate to high. Long harvest period of fruit production was so high with the potential result of 20 tons per hectare. Quality fruit ba * good cause this variety is consumed fresh in the form of green or red peppers and can be dried.
* Ex-01. This hybrid curly chili has the form of fruit really curly. This started a lot of chili farmers planted, although so far its development is still based on low-lying areas, but the chili Ex-01 was actually able to produce and grow well in flat * the medium to high. Chili is suitable for fresh or dried consumption, with production per hektanya able to reach more than 20 tons.
* HOT BEAUTY. Varieties of chili peppers are called chili TW. The fruit has a size of 13 x 1.4 cm and weighs 7.5 grams per fruit. Lack of red pedasdan tempting. Shape of a large and thin fruit flesh. Stay fresh for a week since the quotation. Longer harvest period and can be planted in low or high plains.
* LONG CHILI. Larger fruit size than hot beauty and hero. Fruit size 18 x 2 cm and weighs 18 grams per fruit. Red fruit color when ripe. Shape of a slender, smooth skin and thick flesh. Able to produce 2 kg per plant. Only able to produce in the highlands of 800-1500 m above sea level.
* HERO. These varieties measuring 15 x 1.8 cm and an average weight of 16 grams per fruit. Able berpraduksi planting 1,9-2,1 kg. Suitable planted in areas with an altitude of 400-800 m above sea level, but can also adapt to the low-lying 50-200 m above sea level. Antraknosa sensitive, so better planted in the dry season.
* WEDNESDAY. These varieties suitable developed in the lowlands to moderate (0-800 mdpl). Appearance branching plant with lots of solid and dense and compact theme. These varieties have a high genetic purity so that in one stretch of crop looks uniform. Resistant to pests and diseases trips yaws / antraksnosa. The fruit is cylindrical straight, sharp points, solid, thick flesh, taste spicy and deep red color gloss at masaak. The first harvest takes about 70-75 HST (days after planting) with the results of 1.0-1,5 kg / plant or about 18-27 tons / ha. The fruit is resistant to long-distance transportation.
* Marathon. Like King, Marathon also suitable varieties planted in the lowlands to moderate. Physical appearance and sturdy upright and have a more dense canopy and compact. These varieties have a high genetic purity, resistance to Pseudomonas seranaan wilting disease, yaws / antraksnosa, and leaf spots like * teri. Suitable planted in late winter or rainy season kemaraau. The average weight per fruit reaches 12. 5-14.3 g. Harvest per * funds takes approximately 70-75 HST with the results of 1.0-1.5 kg / plant or about 18-27 tons / ha. Bear fruit in storage and transport distance.
* ARIMBI-513. Having a solid appearance and a stout branch and wide. These varieties are relatively resistant to pests and diseases, especially bacterial wilt. The fruit is large, smooth tip Ian * chip, 13 cm long, 2 cm in diameter, red color, compact and highly qualified. Fruit production ongoing and began to be harvested at the age of 80 HST. The average production of 1.25-1.5 kg / plant or 22.5-27.0 with a population of 18,000 tons of plants per hectare. The fruit stand long distance transportation and can be marketed locally and exported.
* CAKRA WHITE. Cayenne pepper varieties are yellowish-white color turned bright red when ripe. Tanman very strong growth with more branching form. The position of the fruit up to the top with a slightly flattened shape and taste very spicy. Capable of producing 12 tons of fruit per hectare with an average of 300 fruits per plant, harvested at the age of 85-90 HST. White chakra is also resistant to attack antraksnosa disease.
* CAKRA GREEN. Cayenne pepper varieties are able to adapt well in the lowlands or high. When the young plants and the fruit is green turned red after cooking. Potential result 600 g per plant or 12 tons per hectare. It was hot, too * resistant against pests and diseases that attack the chilies used. Harvest took place at the age of 80 HST.
Temperature:
* 18 to 27 C
* Temperature is too high but low humidity increase the rate of transpi * resulting constellation of flowers and fruit fall.
Cultivation:
* Soil fertility and good berdrainase
* Relative resistance to soil acidity
* Semai - transplant: 4 - 5 weeks
* Pewiwilan
* In the high rainfall rates will easily fall
Harvest:
* 2 to 3 BST, the harvest interval of 2-3 days.
* In chili or chili curly, harvesting can be done up to 6 months. Cayenne pepper for 2 years to achieve. How to harvest fruit from the tree chili should be noted to avoid damage to the chilli plants that can produce optimally. Optimum temperature for storage chili 7-10 o C. If stored below this temperature may cause damage Chilling injury which damaged fruit.
Pests and Diseases:
* Worm grayak
Symptoms of the attack was the holes in the leaves. Chemically control by spraying insecticides, such as Baythroid 50 EC, 25 WP Alsystin, Curacorn. Semprotnya volume approximately 500 l water / ha.
* Cercospora leaf spot disease
Cercospora capsici cause, with symptoms of brown spots on the attack that infected leaves which gradually enlarged and caused the death of leaves. In addition to cutting and burning of infected leaves, another way of control is by spraying fungicide such as Topsin M 70 WP, Delsen MX-200 as much as 1-2 kg / ha.
* Disease Antraknosa
Cause Gleosporium piperatum and Colletotrichum capsici. Symptoms marked by decay in the chili bauh attacked. This disease can attack the fruit in both the field and in storage. Besides a good way of cultivating the land and sanitation can be chemically control as leaf spot disease.
* The virus that attacks the chili among other mosai Tobacco virus, cucumber mosaic virus. In the Cucumber mosaic virus attack symptoms of bone and flesh dried leaves of dark green leaves. Pengendalain infected plants to avoid spreading the virus by way of eradication dalah (destroyed).
* Fell sprouts (Damping-off)
Cause Phytium, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophtora. The disease is characterized by the failure of seeds to germinate or death of seedlings soon after emergence. Prevention of this disease is by soaking the seeds in a solution of the appropriate fungicide, dipped for 5 minutes in a solution of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution or by soaking in hot water (50 o C) for 1 hour. Prevention in the seedbed sowing can chalk sufficiently above the surface of the seedbed.
Cassava Cultivation
I. TERM GROWTH
1.1. Climate
a) the amount of rainfall that is suitable for cassava plants between 1500-2500 mm / year.
b) minimum temperature for the growth of cassava kohon about 10 degrees C. If the temperature below 10 degrees C causes a bit stunted plant growth, a stunted because of the growth rates of less than perfect.
c) the optimal humidity for cassava plants between 60-65%.
d) The sun is needed for cassava plants about 10 hours / day, especially for fertility, leaf and tuber development.
1.2. Media Plant
a) the most suitable land for cassava is ground crumb structure, loose, not too tough and not too axle and rich organic material. Crumb structure of soil with a good air system, nutrients more easily available and easily processed. For the cassava plant growth better, the land must be fertile and rich in organic materials both macro and mikronya elements.
b) type of land suitable for cassava plant is the kind of alluvial latosol, red podsolik yellow, Mediterranean, and andosol grumosol.
c) The degree of acidity (pH) of land suitable for cassava cultivation ranged between 4,5-8,0 with an ideal pH 5.8. In general, land in Indonesia had a low pH (acid), which ranged 4,0-5,5, which often is enough for proliferation neutral cassava plants.
1.3. Altitude Venue
Altitude is a good place and ideal for cassava plants between 10-700 m above sea level, while the tolerance between 10-1500 m above sea level. Certain types of cassava can be planted in a certain altitude to be able to grow optimally.
II. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR CULTIVATION
2.1. Seedling
2.1.1. Seed Requirements
Good seed for planting sweet potatoes must meet the following requirements:
a) Cassava trees derived from the parent plant is quite old (10-12 months).
b) Cassava trees should be with normal growth and healthy and uniform.
c) have woody trunk and 2.5 cm in diameter + straight.
d) Not to grow new shoots.
2.1.2. Seed Preparation
Preparation of cassava seeds include the following:
a) Seeds of stem cuttings.
b) As select stem cuttings until the middle of the bottom.
c) After the cuttings elected then tied, each numbering between 25-30 tie rod slips.
d) All bonds required cuttings, and then transported to the planting location.
2.2. Media Processing Plant
2.2.1. Preparation
Activities that need to be done before the land is:
a) Measurement of soil pH is done by using litmus paper, pH meters and pH tester fluid.
b) analyzing the samples of soil or soil sample that will be planted to determine the availability of nutrients, organic matter content.
c) Determination of the schedule / time of planting closely related to the time of harvest. This needs to be calculated with the assumption of time planting with other crops (intercropping), so that both can produce several variations of a similar plant.
d) area of capital investment and tailored to the needs of each cassava farmers. Production volume settings are also considered important because it is closely related to the expected price at harvest and market. If at the time of harvest price will be dropped because the central area of planting will occur harvest production volume is set to a minimum.
2.2.2. Opening and Cleaning Land
Land clearing is essentially clear land of all kinds of weeds (plant bullying) and the roots before planting. The purpose of land clearing to facilitate plant roots grow and eliminate host plants for pests and diseases that may exist. Plowing is done by cattle, such as buffalo, cow, or even with a tractor engine.
Cultivation done on the sides of the hard to reach, the moor land which is relatively more narrow area by means of hoes and rakes tool to land ready for planting.
2.2.3. The formation of beds
Beds are made at the time the land was 70% of the settlement stage. Beds or pelarikan done to facilitate the planting, according to the desired size. Formation beds / fly is intended to facilitate the maintenance of plants, such as clearing weeds and healthy plant growth.
2.2.4. Calcification
To raise the pH of the soil, especially on land that is very sour / gembut land, need to be Calcification. Type of lime used is limestone calcite / kaptan (CaCO3). Dose used for Calcification is 1-2,5 tons / ha. Calcification was given at the time of the hijacking or the formation of coarse beds along with provision of manure.
2.3. Planting Technique
2.3.1. Determination of Planting Pattern
Patterns of plants should take into account the season and rainfall. In the field of land / dry, planting time is the best beginning of rainy season or after planting rice. Spacing commonly used in the monoculture pattern there are several alternatives, ie 100 X 100 cm, 100 X 60 X 100 cm or 40 cm. When planting pattern with intercropping system could spacing 150 x 100 cm or 300 x 150 cm.
2.3.2. Cara Planting
How to sharpen the planting is done by the end of cassava cuttings and planted 5-10 cm deep or less than a third of the slips buried in the ground. If the soil hard / heavy and juicy / moist, shallow planted cuttings.
2.4. Plant Maintenance
2.4.1. Stitching
To seed the dead / abnormal stitching is done soon, by the way pulled and replaced with new seedlings / backup. Seedlings or young plants that die must be replaced or embroidered. In general, farmers and businessmen to replace plants that die with the rest of the existing seed. Seedlings should be a good sampler is also a healthy plant and on time for planting. Stitching is done in the morning or late afternoon, when the weather is not too hot. When stitching is the first week and second week after planting. When stitching that passes through the third week after planting resulted in a striking difference in growth between the first and crop plants embroidery.
2.4.2. Weeding
Weeding aims to remove all types of grass / weed / nuisance (weeds) that live around the plant. In at least one planting season is 2 (two) times weeding.
2.4.3. Pembubunan
Pembubunan way done with the soil around the plant and after it was made like guludan. Time can pembubunan weeding the same time, this can save costs. If the soil around the plants a tree Ketela eroded due to rain or exposed to water spray so that needs to be done pembubunan / on cover with soil so that roots are not visible.
2.4.4. Trimming
In Cassava plants need to be trimming trees / removal of shoots for a minimum of every branch of the tree must have 2 or 3 branches. This is so the tree can be used as seed again in the next planting season.
2.4.5. Fertilizing
Fertilization is done with the balanced fertilization system between N, P, K with a dose of Urea = 133-200 kg, TSP = 60-100 kg and KCl = 120-200 kg. Fertilizers were given at the time of planting with a dose of N: P: K = 1 / 3: 1: 1 / 3 (basic fertilization) and at 2-3 months old plants of the remaining doses of N: P: K = 2 / 3: 0: 2 / 3.
2.4.6. Irrigation and Watering
Cassava land conditions of the initial tree planting until the age of 4-5 months + in a state should always be moist, not too muddy. On dry land needs to be done watering and irrigation from the nearest water source. Irrigation during the dry season by going straight flush, but this can damage the soil. A good system used is the system so that water can pool up to the roots of catchment areas. Watering with a pool system can be done every two weeks and for all given based on need.
2.4.7. Pesticide Spraying time
Types and doses adjusted to the type of pesticide illness. Pesticide spraying is best done on the morning after the dew is lost or in the afternoon. Pesticide doses adjusted to pests and diseases, well read on the label dose use of drugs used brands. If pests and diseases of the savagely attacked the dose of pesticide will be more but its use must be careful because the beneficial insects to die.
2.5. Pests and Diseases
2.5.1. Pests
a) Uret (Xylenthropus)
Feature: be in the roots of the plant. Symptoms: plants die at a young age wrote, because the roots were damaged stems and tubers. Control: clean the remnants of organic matter at planting and / or mixing at sevin land.
b) red mite (Tetranychus bimaculatus)
Feature: attack on the lower surface of leaves by sucking the liquid leaves. Symptoms: leaves will become dry. Control: plant varieties tolerant and a lot of water spray.
2.5.2. Disease
a) bacterial leaf spots
Cause: Xanthomonas manihotis or Cassava Bacterial Blight / CBG. Symptoms: angled spots on the leaves and then move and cause the leaves and eventually die. Control: planting resistant varieties, cut or destroy diseased plant parts, to crop rotation and sanitation garden
b) Withered bacteria (Pseudomonas solanacearum EF Smith)
Characteristics: living in the leaves, roots and stems. Symptoms: leaves suddenly wilted like scalded. Roots, stems and tubers to rot immediately. Control: to crop rotation, planting resistant varieties such as Adira 1, 2 and Muara Adira, make the removal and destruction of sick plants.
c) brown leaf spots (Cercospora heningsii)
Cause: The fungi that live in the leaf. Symptoms: leaves, brown spots, dry, round holes small and dead leaf tissue. Control: to widening spacing, planting resistant varieties, pruning diseased leaves and make a garden sanitation.
d) concentric leaf spots (Phoma phyllostica)
Cause: The fungus that lives on leaves. Symptoms: the existence of small patches and spots, especially on young leaves. Controlling the distance of planting, a garden sanitation and pruning diseased parts of plants.
2.5.3. Weeds
System weeding / cleaning thoroughly and gulmanya burned / buried in the way farmers are able to suppress the tree Ketela weed growth. However, weeds still grow in the ditches / drains and the planting hole.
Special weed belong puzzle (Cyperus sp.) Can be in fight with manual weeding done by 2-3 times permusim planting. Weeding is done until the roots of uprooted trees. Chemically with the spraying of herbicides such as 2,4-D group and the sulfonyl urea amen. Spraying should be done with caution.
While other types of weeds are weeds that are found in the planting hole or in the gutter / ditch. Type of grass weeds is often found bones of grass (Eleusine indica), tuton (Echinochloa colona), grintingan grass (Cynodon dactilon), black grass (Paspalum distichum), and the digger Sunduk grass (Digitaria ciliaris). Eradication of weeds from the grass type is done by manual weeding and spraying of herbicides such a narrow spectrum 120 EW Rumpas concentration 1,0-1,5 ml / liter.
2.6. Harvest
2.6.1. Characteristics and Age Harvest
Sweet potatoes can be harvested at lower leaf growth begins to decline. Color leaves begin to turn yellow and fall off much. Age harvest cassava plant has reached 6-8 months for the varieties Genjah and 9-12 months for the varieties.
2.6.2. How to Harvest
Sweet potatoes are harvested by pulling the stems and tubers were left was taken with a hoe or fork the soil.
2.7. Harvest
2.7.1. Collecting
The crop is collected in a strategic location, safe and easily accessible by transit.
2.7.2. Sorting and classification
The selection or sorting cassava tubers can actually be done at the time of removal took place. However, cassava tubers sorting can be done after all the trees removed and stored in one place. Sorting done to choose a colored bulbs from the skin looks clean, fresh tubers as well as the disabled, especially seen from the large size of the tubers and black spots / stripes on the tuber flesh.
2.7.3. Storage
How to store the crop is cassava tubers in the following way:
a) Make a hole in the ground for storage of fresh cassava tubers are. Hole size is adjusted by the number of tubers that will be saved.
b) Cover the hole with straw or leaves, for example with jackfruit leaves or cassava leaves itself.
c) Enter the cassava tubers are structured and organized in a layered and each layer covered with fresh leaves of the above or straw.
d) Finally Hide hole containing cassava tubers until the hole closed convex surface, and this storage system is durable and made fresh tubers like the original.
2.7.4. Packaging and Transportation
Cassava tubers packaging intended to protect bulbs from damage during the transportation. For inter-city market / domestic packaged and included in gunny sacks or bamboo baskets to keep them fresh. Especially for inter-island market and exported, cassava tubers usually is packaged in the form of dried cassava or tapioca flour used. The packaging can then be stored in a cardboard or plastic-plastic in various sizes, according to producer demand.
Once packed cassava tuber in fresh form or in the form of dried cassava or tapioca transported by transportation means both traditional and modern to the consumer, both domestic and abroad.
1.1. Climate
a) the amount of rainfall that is suitable for cassava plants between 1500-2500 mm / year.
b) minimum temperature for the growth of cassava kohon about 10 degrees C. If the temperature below 10 degrees C causes a bit stunted plant growth, a stunted because of the growth rates of less than perfect.
c) the optimal humidity for cassava plants between 60-65%.
d) The sun is needed for cassava plants about 10 hours / day, especially for fertility, leaf and tuber development.
1.2. Media Plant
a) the most suitable land for cassava is ground crumb structure, loose, not too tough and not too axle and rich organic material. Crumb structure of soil with a good air system, nutrients more easily available and easily processed. For the cassava plant growth better, the land must be fertile and rich in organic materials both macro and mikronya elements.
b) type of land suitable for cassava plant is the kind of alluvial latosol, red podsolik yellow, Mediterranean, and andosol grumosol.
c) The degree of acidity (pH) of land suitable for cassava cultivation ranged between 4,5-8,0 with an ideal pH 5.8. In general, land in Indonesia had a low pH (acid), which ranged 4,0-5,5, which often is enough for proliferation neutral cassava plants.
1.3. Altitude Venue
Altitude is a good place and ideal for cassava plants between 10-700 m above sea level, while the tolerance between 10-1500 m above sea level. Certain types of cassava can be planted in a certain altitude to be able to grow optimally.
II. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR CULTIVATION
2.1. Seedling
2.1.1. Seed Requirements
Good seed for planting sweet potatoes must meet the following requirements:
a) Cassava trees derived from the parent plant is quite old (10-12 months).
b) Cassava trees should be with normal growth and healthy and uniform.
c) have woody trunk and 2.5 cm in diameter + straight.
d) Not to grow new shoots.
2.1.2. Seed Preparation
Preparation of cassava seeds include the following:
a) Seeds of stem cuttings.
b) As select stem cuttings until the middle of the bottom.
c) After the cuttings elected then tied, each numbering between 25-30 tie rod slips.
d) All bonds required cuttings, and then transported to the planting location.
2.2. Media Processing Plant
2.2.1. Preparation
Activities that need to be done before the land is:
a) Measurement of soil pH is done by using litmus paper, pH meters and pH tester fluid.
b) analyzing the samples of soil or soil sample that will be planted to determine the availability of nutrients, organic matter content.
c) Determination of the schedule / time of planting closely related to the time of harvest. This needs to be calculated with the assumption of time planting with other crops (intercropping), so that both can produce several variations of a similar plant.
d) area of capital investment and tailored to the needs of each cassava farmers. Production volume settings are also considered important because it is closely related to the expected price at harvest and market. If at the time of harvest price will be dropped because the central area of planting will occur harvest production volume is set to a minimum.
2.2.2. Opening and Cleaning Land
Land clearing is essentially clear land of all kinds of weeds (plant bullying) and the roots before planting. The purpose of land clearing to facilitate plant roots grow and eliminate host plants for pests and diseases that may exist. Plowing is done by cattle, such as buffalo, cow, or even with a tractor engine.
Cultivation done on the sides of the hard to reach, the moor land which is relatively more narrow area by means of hoes and rakes tool to land ready for planting.
2.2.3. The formation of beds
Beds are made at the time the land was 70% of the settlement stage. Beds or pelarikan done to facilitate the planting, according to the desired size. Formation beds / fly is intended to facilitate the maintenance of plants, such as clearing weeds and healthy plant growth.
2.2.4. Calcification
To raise the pH of the soil, especially on land that is very sour / gembut land, need to be Calcification. Type of lime used is limestone calcite / kaptan (CaCO3). Dose used for Calcification is 1-2,5 tons / ha. Calcification was given at the time of the hijacking or the formation of coarse beds along with provision of manure.
2.3. Planting Technique
2.3.1. Determination of Planting Pattern
Patterns of plants should take into account the season and rainfall. In the field of land / dry, planting time is the best beginning of rainy season or after planting rice. Spacing commonly used in the monoculture pattern there are several alternatives, ie 100 X 100 cm, 100 X 60 X 100 cm or 40 cm. When planting pattern with intercropping system could spacing 150 x 100 cm or 300 x 150 cm.
2.3.2. Cara Planting
How to sharpen the planting is done by the end of cassava cuttings and planted 5-10 cm deep or less than a third of the slips buried in the ground. If the soil hard / heavy and juicy / moist, shallow planted cuttings.
2.4. Plant Maintenance
2.4.1. Stitching
To seed the dead / abnormal stitching is done soon, by the way pulled and replaced with new seedlings / backup. Seedlings or young plants that die must be replaced or embroidered. In general, farmers and businessmen to replace plants that die with the rest of the existing seed. Seedlings should be a good sampler is also a healthy plant and on time for planting. Stitching is done in the morning or late afternoon, when the weather is not too hot. When stitching is the first week and second week after planting. When stitching that passes through the third week after planting resulted in a striking difference in growth between the first and crop plants embroidery.
2.4.2. Weeding
Weeding aims to remove all types of grass / weed / nuisance (weeds) that live around the plant. In at least one planting season is 2 (two) times weeding.
2.4.3. Pembubunan
Pembubunan way done with the soil around the plant and after it was made like guludan. Time can pembubunan weeding the same time, this can save costs. If the soil around the plants a tree Ketela eroded due to rain or exposed to water spray so that needs to be done pembubunan / on cover with soil so that roots are not visible.
2.4.4. Trimming
In Cassava plants need to be trimming trees / removal of shoots for a minimum of every branch of the tree must have 2 or 3 branches. This is so the tree can be used as seed again in the next planting season.
2.4.5. Fertilizing
Fertilization is done with the balanced fertilization system between N, P, K with a dose of Urea = 133-200 kg, TSP = 60-100 kg and KCl = 120-200 kg. Fertilizers were given at the time of planting with a dose of N: P: K = 1 / 3: 1: 1 / 3 (basic fertilization) and at 2-3 months old plants of the remaining doses of N: P: K = 2 / 3: 0: 2 / 3.
2.4.6. Irrigation and Watering
Cassava land conditions of the initial tree planting until the age of 4-5 months + in a state should always be moist, not too muddy. On dry land needs to be done watering and irrigation from the nearest water source. Irrigation during the dry season by going straight flush, but this can damage the soil. A good system used is the system so that water can pool up to the roots of catchment areas. Watering with a pool system can be done every two weeks and for all given based on need.
2.4.7. Pesticide Spraying time
Types and doses adjusted to the type of pesticide illness. Pesticide spraying is best done on the morning after the dew is lost or in the afternoon. Pesticide doses adjusted to pests and diseases, well read on the label dose use of drugs used brands. If pests and diseases of the savagely attacked the dose of pesticide will be more but its use must be careful because the beneficial insects to die.
2.5. Pests and Diseases
2.5.1. Pests
a) Uret (Xylenthropus)
Feature: be in the roots of the plant. Symptoms: plants die at a young age wrote, because the roots were damaged stems and tubers. Control: clean the remnants of organic matter at planting and / or mixing at sevin land.
b) red mite (Tetranychus bimaculatus)
Feature: attack on the lower surface of leaves by sucking the liquid leaves. Symptoms: leaves will become dry. Control: plant varieties tolerant and a lot of water spray.
2.5.2. Disease
a) bacterial leaf spots
Cause: Xanthomonas manihotis or Cassava Bacterial Blight / CBG. Symptoms: angled spots on the leaves and then move and cause the leaves and eventually die. Control: planting resistant varieties, cut or destroy diseased plant parts, to crop rotation and sanitation garden
b) Withered bacteria (Pseudomonas solanacearum EF Smith)
Characteristics: living in the leaves, roots and stems. Symptoms: leaves suddenly wilted like scalded. Roots, stems and tubers to rot immediately. Control: to crop rotation, planting resistant varieties such as Adira 1, 2 and Muara Adira, make the removal and destruction of sick plants.
c) brown leaf spots (Cercospora heningsii)
Cause: The fungi that live in the leaf. Symptoms: leaves, brown spots, dry, round holes small and dead leaf tissue. Control: to widening spacing, planting resistant varieties, pruning diseased leaves and make a garden sanitation.
d) concentric leaf spots (Phoma phyllostica)
Cause: The fungus that lives on leaves. Symptoms: the existence of small patches and spots, especially on young leaves. Controlling the distance of planting, a garden sanitation and pruning diseased parts of plants.
2.5.3. Weeds
System weeding / cleaning thoroughly and gulmanya burned / buried in the way farmers are able to suppress the tree Ketela weed growth. However, weeds still grow in the ditches / drains and the planting hole.
Special weed belong puzzle (Cyperus sp.) Can be in fight with manual weeding done by 2-3 times permusim planting. Weeding is done until the roots of uprooted trees. Chemically with the spraying of herbicides such as 2,4-D group and the sulfonyl urea amen. Spraying should be done with caution.
While other types of weeds are weeds that are found in the planting hole or in the gutter / ditch. Type of grass weeds is often found bones of grass (Eleusine indica), tuton (Echinochloa colona), grintingan grass (Cynodon dactilon), black grass (Paspalum distichum), and the digger Sunduk grass (Digitaria ciliaris). Eradication of weeds from the grass type is done by manual weeding and spraying of herbicides such a narrow spectrum 120 EW Rumpas concentration 1,0-1,5 ml / liter.
2.6. Harvest
2.6.1. Characteristics and Age Harvest
Sweet potatoes can be harvested at lower leaf growth begins to decline. Color leaves begin to turn yellow and fall off much. Age harvest cassava plant has reached 6-8 months for the varieties Genjah and 9-12 months for the varieties.
2.6.2. How to Harvest
Sweet potatoes are harvested by pulling the stems and tubers were left was taken with a hoe or fork the soil.
2.7. Harvest
2.7.1. Collecting
The crop is collected in a strategic location, safe and easily accessible by transit.
2.7.2. Sorting and classification
The selection or sorting cassava tubers can actually be done at the time of removal took place. However, cassava tubers sorting can be done after all the trees removed and stored in one place. Sorting done to choose a colored bulbs from the skin looks clean, fresh tubers as well as the disabled, especially seen from the large size of the tubers and black spots / stripes on the tuber flesh.
2.7.3. Storage
How to store the crop is cassava tubers in the following way:
a) Make a hole in the ground for storage of fresh cassava tubers are. Hole size is adjusted by the number of tubers that will be saved.
b) Cover the hole with straw or leaves, for example with jackfruit leaves or cassava leaves itself.
c) Enter the cassava tubers are structured and organized in a layered and each layer covered with fresh leaves of the above or straw.
d) Finally Hide hole containing cassava tubers until the hole closed convex surface, and this storage system is durable and made fresh tubers like the original.
2.7.4. Packaging and Transportation
Cassava tubers packaging intended to protect bulbs from damage during the transportation. For inter-city market / domestic packaged and included in gunny sacks or bamboo baskets to keep them fresh. Especially for inter-island market and exported, cassava tubers usually is packaged in the form of dried cassava or tapioca flour used. The packaging can then be stored in a cardboard or plastic-plastic in various sizes, according to producer demand.
Once packed cassava tuber in fresh form or in the form of dried cassava or tapioca transported by transportation means both traditional and modern to the consumer, both domestic and abroad.
Dragon Fruit Cultivation
Since seven years ago, dragon fruit began to be developed on a large scale in several Asian countries, like Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, and Taiwan.
Besides easy to maintain, dragon fruit planting promising big profits. The reason is, this Mexican native plants can survive up to 20 years and bear fruit throughout the year. In the area of 1 acre (4046.9 m2) can be planted to produce the 2000 stems 5-6 fruit / stems. Dragon fruit produced weighed 250-700 grams (about 3 kg / plant) or 6 tons / acre.
In Malaysia, the red flesh dragon fruit is sold for 10 Ringgit Malaysia / kg or Rp23.000/kg (1 RM = Rp2.300). While dragon fruit fleshy white fruit valued 5 RM / kg or Rp11.500/kg. Thus, one acre plant dragon fruit red meat yield Rp46 million / harvest.
Cutting the Best
Dragon fruit plants including cactus family is grown in lowland tropics. He was able to survive in a dry climate, cold, nutrient-poor soil. In commercial plantations, dragon fruit can be grown organically, without pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
Generally, dragon fruit developed through stem cuttings and seed breeding. Plants are propagated by stem cuttings, the properties of the parent tree can be maintained. Another advantage, the first conception can be achieved within 9 months, much faster than from seed takes about 3 years.
To penyetekan, select a good parent plants and healthy. Plant stems and then cut along the 50 cm and stored in a dry place for one week before planting in pots. Place potted plants in a place protected from direct sunlight and give the roots enough water to grow well.
Furthermore, cultivated plants to sprout up and moved to the ground. To sustain growth, each of the four plants tied to a pole and each pole consists of 4 plants. For ease of maintenance, cleaning, and harvesting, antartiang are spaced at least 1 mx 1.5 m.
25-40 Harvest Days
This plant flowers grow just one night, so often called the queen of flowers the night or evening. Flower diameter of 30 cm was issued a scent that attract bees and ants for pollination.
The fruit begins to form during autumn flowers. At first green fruit, but after 25 days of fruit color gradually changed to red and can be harvested. The longer the age of harvest, the fruit sweet. But if left too long the fruit will be broken or attacked by caterpillars.
Generally, fruits are picked no more than 40 days since the fruit is formed because of skin color dragon fruit which attract birds to invite attention. Therefore, if the skin of the fruit began to red, the fruit should be wrapped in paper, plastic nets, or plastic.
In rainy season, usually decreases fruit production and harvest sooner because the water content is too much can cause rapid burst of fruit. Dragon fruit is then stored in a cool (temperature 10oC). The lower temperatures used, the longer the fruit can be stored. However, a too low temperature also cause damage.
Besides easy to maintain, dragon fruit planting promising big profits. The reason is, this Mexican native plants can survive up to 20 years and bear fruit throughout the year. In the area of 1 acre (4046.9 m2) can be planted to produce the 2000 stems 5-6 fruit / stems. Dragon fruit produced weighed 250-700 grams (about 3 kg / plant) or 6 tons / acre.
In Malaysia, the red flesh dragon fruit is sold for 10 Ringgit Malaysia / kg or Rp23.000/kg (1 RM = Rp2.300). While dragon fruit fleshy white fruit valued 5 RM / kg or Rp11.500/kg. Thus, one acre plant dragon fruit red meat yield Rp46 million / harvest.
Cutting the Best
Dragon fruit plants including cactus family is grown in lowland tropics. He was able to survive in a dry climate, cold, nutrient-poor soil. In commercial plantations, dragon fruit can be grown organically, without pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
Generally, dragon fruit developed through stem cuttings and seed breeding. Plants are propagated by stem cuttings, the properties of the parent tree can be maintained. Another advantage, the first conception can be achieved within 9 months, much faster than from seed takes about 3 years.
To penyetekan, select a good parent plants and healthy. Plant stems and then cut along the 50 cm and stored in a dry place for one week before planting in pots. Place potted plants in a place protected from direct sunlight and give the roots enough water to grow well.
Furthermore, cultivated plants to sprout up and moved to the ground. To sustain growth, each of the four plants tied to a pole and each pole consists of 4 plants. For ease of maintenance, cleaning, and harvesting, antartiang are spaced at least 1 mx 1.5 m.
25-40 Harvest Days
This plant flowers grow just one night, so often called the queen of flowers the night or evening. Flower diameter of 30 cm was issued a scent that attract bees and ants for pollination.
The fruit begins to form during autumn flowers. At first green fruit, but after 25 days of fruit color gradually changed to red and can be harvested. The longer the age of harvest, the fruit sweet. But if left too long the fruit will be broken or attacked by caterpillars.
Generally, fruits are picked no more than 40 days since the fruit is formed because of skin color dragon fruit which attract birds to invite attention. Therefore, if the skin of the fruit began to red, the fruit should be wrapped in paper, plastic nets, or plastic.
In rainy season, usually decreases fruit production and harvest sooner because the water content is too much can cause rapid burst of fruit. Dragon fruit is then stored in a cool (temperature 10oC). The lower temperatures used, the longer the fruit can be stored. However, a too low temperature also cause damage.
Tomato Cultivation in Simple Hydroponics
Age-paced modern farming no longer have to use the land. Various methods of farming can be used for those who want at it. One of them is in hydroponic farming. Own hydroponics is a way of farming without soil media.
Tomatoes have long known and consumed by the public and Indonesia either by upper middle-class people and lower middle income. Consumers tomatoes can be categorized into domestic consumers, consumer organizations (restaurants, hotels, and hospitals), and industrial customers, however to date the household consumers are described as the biggest consumer.
It has even become a hobby hydroponic farming spare time filler for some people. Not even hobbyists, there was also then that continue to be a business. Used hydroponics to grow vegetables and fruit. Even some vegetables and fruit crops have been planted in a hydroponic general. Call it cherry tomatoes, mini cucumbers, peppers, and green vegetables.
There are several advantages that are believed to be derived from a hydroponic crops than conventional farming (crops used in the ground). Take just one example, planting cherry tomatoes in hydroponics. First, the production per plant was bigger and better quality. Besides land cherry tomatoes can be planted throughout the year, if planted in the ground must have crop rotations. Of cultivated plants with hydroponics is also more easily protected from erosion and drought.
Lost after the harvest is smaller than conventional farming. While higher prices and relatively constant, not knowing the season. Although hydroponics crops cost more expensive than ordinary crops, but the selling price of an expensive product with a specific market share is a special attraction for the business man.
In the cultivation of hydroponic cherry tomatoes must consider several important aspects, namely:
1. Environmental Aspects
The cultivation of hydroponic cherry tomatoes are planned in the area Tawangmangun Karanganyar District, because the Tawangmangun meet most requirements of growing vegetables (cherry tomatoes) so in order to grow cultivated well no longer needed a lot of micro-climate modification (except for greenhouse production).
Cherry tomato plants in general can grow well at the optimum temperature is 16-25o C, maximum at 30o C. Rainfall is needed by these plants between 600-1250 mm / year. Too much rain causes the fruit to fall out. Cherry tomato plant is very responsive to water, water use cherry tomatoes adult is 0.5 liters / day. Humidity needed for growth of around 80-90%.
A good soil type is sandy clay.
These plants will flourish in the fertile light soil, containing humus, not stagnant. Soil acidity (pH) of about 5,5-6,5 is good ground for the growth of this plant. So that the cherry tomato plants are very suitable cultivated in hydroponics, because in a hydroponic cultivation system requirements grow more configurable and customizable than planted in the garden. For the cherry tomatoes grown in the garden sloping land needed 0-10 degrees.
Cherry tomatoes grown on medium-high plateau ranging from 700-1500 m above sea level. Although able to grow to 2,000 m above sea level. These plants are not resistant to frost (frost). Planting in the lowlands can be done with the system controlled greenhouse or plastic shelter to avoid the hot sun too much.
2. Production Aspect
In an effort agrobis of a competition or rivalry are common. It is precisely the existence of such competition will create an atmosphere of contestable markets or seizure great customer. So that will enhance creativity and innovation by the producers that their products could compete in the process of fighting over the market.
No exception in the culture of cherry tomatoes, a good production process is needed to produce tomato products are high-quality cherry that was expected to attract interest as well as consumer purchasing power continues to increase. One of the efforts boost the quality of cherry tomato is a hydroponic cultivation.
With intensive treatment, one plant in the hydroponic system can produce more than conventionally grown. Harvest by hydroponics also somewhat faster than the conventional way, because it did not take too long to wait for the planting or harvest.
Cherry tomatoes can be eaten fresh as a salad or cooked mixing as a spice or the main ingredient in a dish. Planting cherry tomatoes hydroponic method requires a larger capital, but the advantage is greater than the non-hydroponic methods or conventional. Greater profits that can be caused by:
a. Production per plant was bigger and better quality.
b. Land cherry tomatoes can be planted throughout the year, if planted in the ground must have crop rotations.
c. Lost after a smaller harvest.
Higher prices and relatively constant, not knowing the season. High prices due to the quality of fruit that remains and meet standards.
3. Marketing Aspect
Most products in hydroponic cultivation (including cherry tomatoes) in the market is more expensive than products of conventional agriculture. But its market goals were different from ordinary agricultural products. Prices are pegged to the technology of hydroponics plants are fairly expensive, in general it can be found in places such as supermarkets and shopping hypermarket. Because the final goal is the consumer market with high welfare levels upwards. Because as we all know that the Indonesian people in general who care and put quality products are consumed only high welfare level upwards, while the middle to bottom-oriented on what to eat, rarely, or even regardless of its quality.
So the purpose of product marketing hydroponic cherry tomatoes is increasingly clear, that is marketed in places where the objectives of its customers with high welfare levels upward, like a supermarket, hypermarket, and mini market. In fact, in the malls that "nota-bene" rarely sold horticultural products, particularly hydroponic cherry tomatoes.
During this hydroponic cherry tomatoes products are known to the public may come from the highlands such as the area of Malang, East Java, but with hydroponic cherry tomatoes from Tawangmangu this will create healthy competition and even attempted to master the market, especially starting from Central Java. Furthermore hydroponic cherry tomatoes products are expected to master the Indonesian local market and eventually will start the export.
Tomatoes have long known and consumed by the public and Indonesia either by upper middle-class people and lower middle income. Consumers tomatoes can be categorized into domestic consumers, consumer organizations (restaurants, hotels, and hospitals), and industrial customers, however to date the household consumers are described as the biggest consumer.
It has even become a hobby hydroponic farming spare time filler for some people. Not even hobbyists, there was also then that continue to be a business. Used hydroponics to grow vegetables and fruit. Even some vegetables and fruit crops have been planted in a hydroponic general. Call it cherry tomatoes, mini cucumbers, peppers, and green vegetables.
There are several advantages that are believed to be derived from a hydroponic crops than conventional farming (crops used in the ground). Take just one example, planting cherry tomatoes in hydroponics. First, the production per plant was bigger and better quality. Besides land cherry tomatoes can be planted throughout the year, if planted in the ground must have crop rotations. Of cultivated plants with hydroponics is also more easily protected from erosion and drought.
Lost after the harvest is smaller than conventional farming. While higher prices and relatively constant, not knowing the season. Although hydroponics crops cost more expensive than ordinary crops, but the selling price of an expensive product with a specific market share is a special attraction for the business man.
In the cultivation of hydroponic cherry tomatoes must consider several important aspects, namely:
1. Environmental Aspects
The cultivation of hydroponic cherry tomatoes are planned in the area Tawangmangun Karanganyar District, because the Tawangmangun meet most requirements of growing vegetables (cherry tomatoes) so in order to grow cultivated well no longer needed a lot of micro-climate modification (except for greenhouse production).
Cherry tomato plants in general can grow well at the optimum temperature is 16-25o C, maximum at 30o C. Rainfall is needed by these plants between 600-1250 mm / year. Too much rain causes the fruit to fall out. Cherry tomato plant is very responsive to water, water use cherry tomatoes adult is 0.5 liters / day. Humidity needed for growth of around 80-90%.
A good soil type is sandy clay.
These plants will flourish in the fertile light soil, containing humus, not stagnant. Soil acidity (pH) of about 5,5-6,5 is good ground for the growth of this plant. So that the cherry tomato plants are very suitable cultivated in hydroponics, because in a hydroponic cultivation system requirements grow more configurable and customizable than planted in the garden. For the cherry tomatoes grown in the garden sloping land needed 0-10 degrees.
Cherry tomatoes grown on medium-high plateau ranging from 700-1500 m above sea level. Although able to grow to 2,000 m above sea level. These plants are not resistant to frost (frost). Planting in the lowlands can be done with the system controlled greenhouse or plastic shelter to avoid the hot sun too much.
2. Production Aspect
In an effort agrobis of a competition or rivalry are common. It is precisely the existence of such competition will create an atmosphere of contestable markets or seizure great customer. So that will enhance creativity and innovation by the producers that their products could compete in the process of fighting over the market.
No exception in the culture of cherry tomatoes, a good production process is needed to produce tomato products are high-quality cherry that was expected to attract interest as well as consumer purchasing power continues to increase. One of the efforts boost the quality of cherry tomato is a hydroponic cultivation.
With intensive treatment, one plant in the hydroponic system can produce more than conventionally grown. Harvest by hydroponics also somewhat faster than the conventional way, because it did not take too long to wait for the planting or harvest.
Cherry tomatoes can be eaten fresh as a salad or cooked mixing as a spice or the main ingredient in a dish. Planting cherry tomatoes hydroponic method requires a larger capital, but the advantage is greater than the non-hydroponic methods or conventional. Greater profits that can be caused by:
a. Production per plant was bigger and better quality.
b. Land cherry tomatoes can be planted throughout the year, if planted in the ground must have crop rotations.
c. Lost after a smaller harvest.
Higher prices and relatively constant, not knowing the season. High prices due to the quality of fruit that remains and meet standards.
3. Marketing Aspect
Most products in hydroponic cultivation (including cherry tomatoes) in the market is more expensive than products of conventional agriculture. But its market goals were different from ordinary agricultural products. Prices are pegged to the technology of hydroponics plants are fairly expensive, in general it can be found in places such as supermarkets and shopping hypermarket. Because the final goal is the consumer market with high welfare levels upwards. Because as we all know that the Indonesian people in general who care and put quality products are consumed only high welfare level upwards, while the middle to bottom-oriented on what to eat, rarely, or even regardless of its quality.
So the purpose of product marketing hydroponic cherry tomatoes is increasingly clear, that is marketed in places where the objectives of its customers with high welfare levels upward, like a supermarket, hypermarket, and mini market. In fact, in the malls that "nota-bene" rarely sold horticultural products, particularly hydroponic cherry tomatoes.
During this hydroponic cherry tomatoes products are known to the public may come from the highlands such as the area of Malang, East Java, but with hydroponic cherry tomatoes from Tawangmangu this will create healthy competition and even attempted to master the market, especially starting from Central Java. Furthermore hydroponic cherry tomatoes products are expected to master the Indonesian local market and eventually will start the export.
Hybrid cucumber Benefits
Cucumber hybrids has many comparative advantages when compared with local cucumbers and a free quintessence, because he has special characteristics and special. Cucumber hybrid developed through plant breeding involving a genetic diversity and selection of properties - properties in accordance with the typical consumer tastes. Production of cucumber hybrid seed can not be separated from plant breeding activities in which its activities require travel a very long time.
This includes plant breeding selection of properties - the nature of good and superior in performance and potential crop yield and quality results. It is expected that the resulting hybrids can be used by farmers like to improve the productivity of plants. Realizing the great quality need cucumbers in the consumer, it is appropriate to introduce a hybrid cucumber seeds more widely so that the quality of cucumber needs can be met. With productivity far above the local cucumbers, it is expected to increase farmers' income and welfare.
Cucumber HYBRID TYPE:
The division of cucumber can be categorized on fruit color and fruit size. The main color is white, whitish green, and dark green. Usually the color of the fruit can be incorporated into one type with a more dominant color while the size of the fruit of distinguishable to the small size of about 10 cm and the large approximately 11 to 27 cm.
HYBRID cucumber BENEFITS
Advantages cucumber hybrids can be viewed from various aspects, namely:
1. SEEDS
Hybrid cucumber seeds have a high quality in terms of physical as uniformity, size, weight of seeds, seeds bright colors, growing power, high Vigor, a simultaneous germination and healthy. Because of the high growth of seeds for the use of per unit area can be calculated and more efficient. In addition to the physical quality also has a superior genetic qualities such as high production potential and others - others. Local cucumber seeds are some of the plants propagated from the elder fresh produce for use as seed, the potential yield and other characters is very limited because not many choices. Has free quintessence varieties are more qualified than the same level with the local seed, but still below the hybrid, free quintessence quality in general has made the nature of selection - the good qualities as you wish.
2. PLANT
Form of hybrid cucumber plants usually have a high, shape, color of leaves and stems of plants are uniform. Plant resistance to certain pests and diseases, generally very good, so be one of the unreliable nature. Plants are not easily damaged and still showed normal conditions, although with care and minimal use of pesticides.
3. FRUIT
Cucumber fruits is the development of female flowers after pollination or pollination with male flowers. Candidates will appear diketiak fruit leaves on the trunk / main vine and also the branch - branch out from the main stem. Potential candidates in the cucumber fruit hybrids are usually influenced by the fertility and plant health and the occurrence of pollination. When mentioned here that the results can reach the fruit for 20 fruits and 10 small cucumber fruit for medium and large cucumber. This is greatly influenced by the cultivation and support the optimal environment in known types of cucumber hybrids with flowers that are poternsi fruit of many candidates and some have only a potential interest in the whole fruit only plants that many of these characters used for the formation of hybrid cucumber that has potential for more. Cucumber hybrids typically include white thorn resistance associated with the green color and not easily changed to yellow during storage. Besides cucumber hybrids have a more fresh taste and not bitter. Most of the hybrid cucumber fruit has a thick flesh with a small fruit cavity. Properties - properties that would make the fruit typical of high-quality cucumbers. The simultaneous development of the fruit will produce a uniform fruit size and attractive at the time of harvest. Thus uniform size needed to facilitate the structuring and packaging of fruit in a container or bag that is easier in transportation. At the consumer level will be obtained fruit quality better and more interesting. Thus, it can be concluded the use of hybrid cucumber seeds is one of the key to success for cucumber farmers to achieve production and high quality so that the benefits greater
This includes plant breeding selection of properties - the nature of good and superior in performance and potential crop yield and quality results. It is expected that the resulting hybrids can be used by farmers like to improve the productivity of plants. Realizing the great quality need cucumbers in the consumer, it is appropriate to introduce a hybrid cucumber seeds more widely so that the quality of cucumber needs can be met. With productivity far above the local cucumbers, it is expected to increase farmers' income and welfare.
Cucumber HYBRID TYPE:
The division of cucumber can be categorized on fruit color and fruit size. The main color is white, whitish green, and dark green. Usually the color of the fruit can be incorporated into one type with a more dominant color while the size of the fruit of distinguishable to the small size of about 10 cm and the large approximately 11 to 27 cm.
HYBRID cucumber BENEFITS
Advantages cucumber hybrids can be viewed from various aspects, namely:
1. SEEDS
Hybrid cucumber seeds have a high quality in terms of physical as uniformity, size, weight of seeds, seeds bright colors, growing power, high Vigor, a simultaneous germination and healthy. Because of the high growth of seeds for the use of per unit area can be calculated and more efficient. In addition to the physical quality also has a superior genetic qualities such as high production potential and others - others. Local cucumber seeds are some of the plants propagated from the elder fresh produce for use as seed, the potential yield and other characters is very limited because not many choices. Has free quintessence varieties are more qualified than the same level with the local seed, but still below the hybrid, free quintessence quality in general has made the nature of selection - the good qualities as you wish.
2. PLANT
Form of hybrid cucumber plants usually have a high, shape, color of leaves and stems of plants are uniform. Plant resistance to certain pests and diseases, generally very good, so be one of the unreliable nature. Plants are not easily damaged and still showed normal conditions, although with care and minimal use of pesticides.
3. FRUIT
Cucumber fruits is the development of female flowers after pollination or pollination with male flowers. Candidates will appear diketiak fruit leaves on the trunk / main vine and also the branch - branch out from the main stem. Potential candidates in the cucumber fruit hybrids are usually influenced by the fertility and plant health and the occurrence of pollination. When mentioned here that the results can reach the fruit for 20 fruits and 10 small cucumber fruit for medium and large cucumber. This is greatly influenced by the cultivation and support the optimal environment in known types of cucumber hybrids with flowers that are poternsi fruit of many candidates and some have only a potential interest in the whole fruit only plants that many of these characters used for the formation of hybrid cucumber that has potential for more. Cucumber hybrids typically include white thorn resistance associated with the green color and not easily changed to yellow during storage. Besides cucumber hybrids have a more fresh taste and not bitter. Most of the hybrid cucumber fruit has a thick flesh with a small fruit cavity. Properties - properties that would make the fruit typical of high-quality cucumbers. The simultaneous development of the fruit will produce a uniform fruit size and attractive at the time of harvest. Thus uniform size needed to facilitate the structuring and packaging of fruit in a container or bag that is easier in transportation. At the consumer level will be obtained fruit quality better and more interesting. Thus, it can be concluded the use of hybrid cucumber seeds is one of the key to success for cucumber farmers to achieve production and high quality so that the benefits greater
Efficacy Carrots
Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is not native to Indonesia. He came from temperate countries (sub-tropical) that is derived from the Near East Asia and Central Asia. He was found growing wild around 6500 years ago. Carrot cultivation initially occurred in the area around the Mediterranean, spread to Europe, Africa, Asia and finally to the whole world.
Plants that fall into this Umbelliferales orders are manifold. When viewed form the tuber there are three types, namely type chantenay (elliptical with blunt ends), type imperator (elliptical with pointed tip) and the type of Nantes (a composite type and chantenay imperator). A combination of carrot juice and chantenay Nantes, believed to have the best efficacy, but also gives a nice flavor.
Benefits:
Carrot leaves are also useful for treating kidney stones and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bladder. While rhizome or roots can treat pinworm, maintaining eye health, digestion, and to treat burns. Carrot seeds can treat kidney stones, dysentery and diarrhea.
The old orange in carrots contain beta-carotene indicate that high. The more orange the color of carrots, the higher levels of beta-carotene. Levels of beta-carotene contained in carrots more than kale, and spinach caisim.
Beta carotene can prevent and treat cancer, high blood pressure, lower cholesterol, and took the wind from the body. High content of antioxidant carotenoids may also proven to combat the effects of pollution and passive smoking.
Beta carotene is causing orange in carrots can also cause a yellowish color to human skin is too much to drink juice or carrot juice. However unlike the yellow color of jaundice as well as the color of his eyes were not yellow. Even some that use carrot juice as the beverage of skin bleach.
High content of potasium can neutralize the acidity of the blood that was too high on tobacco addiction, alcohol and drug users dangerous. Potassium contained in carrots is also the potential to help tame the toxins, especially heavy metals caused air pollution. For that carrot juice can be combined with peas, potatoes, cabbage and tomatoes.
Carrots contain digestive enzymes and functional diuretic. Drinking a glass of fresh carrot juice leaves, plus salt and a teaspoon of lime juice to merit the formation of deposits in anticipation of the urinary tract, strengthens the eyes, lungs, heart and liver. While munching a carrot leaves can heal the wounds in the mouth and eliminate bad breath, bleeding gums and ulcers.
According Noviana yaniar (1993) in Utilization of Medicinal Plants for Family Health, Public Health Service Unit of Materia Medica, Malang, carrots can overcome problems such as hypertension, night blindness, minus the eyes, fever in children, worms, burns, coughs, menstrual pain , constipation and smooths the face.
Several studies have shown, people who eat carrots regularly, and are likely affected by lung cancer smaller, even though he smoked. An experiment in Scotland around the year 1979 showed that healthy people who ate 7 ounces of raw carrots every day, their blood cholesterol levels fell to 11 percent.
Eating carrots for three weeks also reduce the risk of heart attack about 22 percent. Eating carrots at least five times per week can reduce the risk of stroke by 68 percent.
For those who already had a stroke, vitamin A can prevent death or disability pascastroke. As is known, in every 100 grams of carrots known to contain vitamin A. 12,000 SI
For people with lupus or System lupus erythematosus (SLE) is also recommended to eat carrots for vitamin A, salt minerals and natural carbohydrate high. A sinse also encourage the consumption of two ounces of carrots mixed with a half ounce of radish is very good for treatment of eye disorders. The combination of carrots and turnips were also very useful for patients with coronary heart disease and kidney.
While a combination of carrots, tomatoes, pineapple, will improve the body's metabolism system, lower blood cholesterol and uric acid. To improve the fertility of women and improve the quality of male sperm, used a mixture of fruit juice of apples, carrots and three ounces of a pound of sprouts a drink once with husband and wife. This potion to drink every morning, afternoon, the result can be seen in one week.
Plants that fall into this Umbelliferales orders are manifold. When viewed form the tuber there are three types, namely type chantenay (elliptical with blunt ends), type imperator (elliptical with pointed tip) and the type of Nantes (a composite type and chantenay imperator). A combination of carrot juice and chantenay Nantes, believed to have the best efficacy, but also gives a nice flavor.
Benefits:
Carrot leaves are also useful for treating kidney stones and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bladder. While rhizome or roots can treat pinworm, maintaining eye health, digestion, and to treat burns. Carrot seeds can treat kidney stones, dysentery and diarrhea.
The old orange in carrots contain beta-carotene indicate that high. The more orange the color of carrots, the higher levels of beta-carotene. Levels of beta-carotene contained in carrots more than kale, and spinach caisim.
Beta carotene can prevent and treat cancer, high blood pressure, lower cholesterol, and took the wind from the body. High content of antioxidant carotenoids may also proven to combat the effects of pollution and passive smoking.
Beta carotene is causing orange in carrots can also cause a yellowish color to human skin is too much to drink juice or carrot juice. However unlike the yellow color of jaundice as well as the color of his eyes were not yellow. Even some that use carrot juice as the beverage of skin bleach.
High content of potasium can neutralize the acidity of the blood that was too high on tobacco addiction, alcohol and drug users dangerous. Potassium contained in carrots is also the potential to help tame the toxins, especially heavy metals caused air pollution. For that carrot juice can be combined with peas, potatoes, cabbage and tomatoes.
Carrots contain digestive enzymes and functional diuretic. Drinking a glass of fresh carrot juice leaves, plus salt and a teaspoon of lime juice to merit the formation of deposits in anticipation of the urinary tract, strengthens the eyes, lungs, heart and liver. While munching a carrot leaves can heal the wounds in the mouth and eliminate bad breath, bleeding gums and ulcers.
According Noviana yaniar (1993) in Utilization of Medicinal Plants for Family Health, Public Health Service Unit of Materia Medica, Malang, carrots can overcome problems such as hypertension, night blindness, minus the eyes, fever in children, worms, burns, coughs, menstrual pain , constipation and smooths the face.
Several studies have shown, people who eat carrots regularly, and are likely affected by lung cancer smaller, even though he smoked. An experiment in Scotland around the year 1979 showed that healthy people who ate 7 ounces of raw carrots every day, their blood cholesterol levels fell to 11 percent.
Eating carrots for three weeks also reduce the risk of heart attack about 22 percent. Eating carrots at least five times per week can reduce the risk of stroke by 68 percent.
For those who already had a stroke, vitamin A can prevent death or disability pascastroke. As is known, in every 100 grams of carrots known to contain vitamin A. 12,000 SI
For people with lupus or System lupus erythematosus (SLE) is also recommended to eat carrots for vitamin A, salt minerals and natural carbohydrate high. A sinse also encourage the consumption of two ounces of carrots mixed with a half ounce of radish is very good for treatment of eye disorders. The combination of carrots and turnips were also very useful for patients with coronary heart disease and kidney.
While a combination of carrots, tomatoes, pineapple, will improve the body's metabolism system, lower blood cholesterol and uric acid. To improve the fertility of women and improve the quality of male sperm, used a mixture of fruit juice of apples, carrots and three ounces of a pound of sprouts a drink once with husband and wife. This potion to drink every morning, afternoon, the result can be seen in one week.
Cultivation of Red Onion
Until now, red onion farmers in Yogyakarta Special Region is always used as a seed tuber plant material. Seedlings originating from tubers, the results remain relatively unchanged with the passing of time. Increased yield can only be done by improving the technical culture, and an onion when production will decline.
To increase the productivity of onion in addition to the improvement of technical culture, farmers need to introduce high yielding varieties "TUK-TUK" that can be planted by seed. The characteristics of red onion, among others, form rounded bulbs, measures such as local onion Philippines, the color pink tubers until browned.
These onions can be planted in lowland and upland, with the optimal temperature from 25 to 32 degrees Celsius, suitable land is land that good aeration, fertile, friable, has a high organic matter, soil pH range is 5,5-6,5. As for how to grow using the earnings as follows:
Cultivation
Seedbed
Seeds or seeds should be sown in the open land to grow well, how:
1. Make beds 1m wide, 40cm-50cm high, and adjust the length of the available land.
2. Keep the distance between beds 40-50 cm.
3. Mix the soil beds with manure and 2 kg / m 2 of agricultural lime 150-200g/m2,
4. Flatten the back beds,
5. Sprinkle rice husk beds with 9-10 cm thick.
6. Roasted rice husk then left for 1 day.
7. Roll out beds, give basic fertilizer KCI: 50g/m2; SP-36: 50g/m2 and karbofuran 5g/m2 active ingredients,
8. Create a cross flow with the distance between the line and 5-10cm depth of 1 cm.
9. Sprinkle the onion seeds in the flow, as many as 150-200 seeds / plot, then cover with soil line.
10. Perform regular watering and careful to keep the humidity;
11. Sprouts will appear 5-10 HSS (Day After Semai);
12. When the rainy season should ditutp beds with plastic shield for 3-4 weeks.
Planting
1. Make the same beds, good size and treatment as nursery beds, and diaries until wet.
2. Make the planting hole with the distance in rows 5cm-10cm and 10cm row spacing;
3. Try to cut lines made the plant beds to facilitate weeding;
4. Planting the seeds that have been aged 6 weeks after the seedlings by putting the seeds into the planting hole one hole one seed;
5. Press the soil gently around the roots so that together with the soil.
To increase the productivity of onion in addition to the improvement of technical culture, farmers need to introduce high yielding varieties "TUK-TUK" that can be planted by seed. The characteristics of red onion, among others, form rounded bulbs, measures such as local onion Philippines, the color pink tubers until browned.
These onions can be planted in lowland and upland, with the optimal temperature from 25 to 32 degrees Celsius, suitable land is land that good aeration, fertile, friable, has a high organic matter, soil pH range is 5,5-6,5. As for how to grow using the earnings as follows:
Cultivation
Seedbed
Seeds or seeds should be sown in the open land to grow well, how:
1. Make beds 1m wide, 40cm-50cm high, and adjust the length of the available land.
2. Keep the distance between beds 40-50 cm.
3. Mix the soil beds with manure and 2 kg / m 2 of agricultural lime 150-200g/m2,
4. Flatten the back beds,
5. Sprinkle rice husk beds with 9-10 cm thick.
6. Roasted rice husk then left for 1 day.
7. Roll out beds, give basic fertilizer KCI: 50g/m2; SP-36: 50g/m2 and karbofuran 5g/m2 active ingredients,
8. Create a cross flow with the distance between the line and 5-10cm depth of 1 cm.
9. Sprinkle the onion seeds in the flow, as many as 150-200 seeds / plot, then cover with soil line.
10. Perform regular watering and careful to keep the humidity;
11. Sprouts will appear 5-10 HSS (Day After Semai);
12. When the rainy season should ditutp beds with plastic shield for 3-4 weeks.
Planting
1. Make the same beds, good size and treatment as nursery beds, and diaries until wet.
2. Make the planting hole with the distance in rows 5cm-10cm and 10cm row spacing;
3. Try to cut lines made the plant beds to facilitate weeding;
4. Planting the seeds that have been aged 6 weeks after the seedlings by putting the seeds into the planting hole one hole one seed;
5. Press the soil gently around the roots so that together with the soil.
Col Blum
White cauliflower is a vegetable plant families Brassicaceae (cabbage type with small white flowers) in the form of soft trunked plants. Society in Indonesia as a flower called the cabbage or cauliflower cauliflower (derived from the Dutch Bloemkool). These plants come from subtropical in the European Mediterranean region. Cabbage white flowers with a compact mass of flowers as the current found developed in 1866 by experts Mc.Mohan seeds from America. Allegedly cabbage flowers into Indonesia from India in the nineteenth century.
Although this crop is upland crops and regions with tropics higher latitudes, some cultivars can be formed flowers in the lowlands around equator.
Highland areas (mountain) is the center of cabbage cultivation of flowers. Crop production center is located in West Java which is in Lembang, Cisarua, Bogor. But this time began to be planted cabbage in flower centers of other vegetables such as Bukit Tinggi (West Sumatra), PANGALENGAN, Maja and Garut (West Java), Kopeng (Central Java) and Bedugul (Bali).
Plant Type
Botanical classification cabbage plants flowers are as follows:
a) Division: Spermatophyta
b) Sub Division: Angiospermae
c) Class: Dicotyledonae
d) Family: Cruciferae
e) Genus: Brassica
f) Species: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.
g) Sub var: cauliflora DC
Brassica oleracea variety botrytis consists of 2 subvaritas cauliflora DC. which we know as the cabbage white flowers and cymosa Lamn. flowering green and famous as broccoli. Determination of cultivars based on size, mass congestion and color of flowers.
Local cultivars are cultivars are widely planted Cirateun in Lembang, while the introduction of cultivars are cultivars Early Farmers No. 2 (age 63 days of harvest) and the Fengshan Extra Early (age 59 days of harvest) from Taiwan for low to medium terrain, Snown Crown from Japan to the plains middle and high plains and Tropical Early Japanese origin for the lowlands.
Although usually only the mass of flowers which is used as a vegetable that contains complete enough minerals, plant leaves are edible and tastes sweet with no bitter taste.
Although this crop is upland crops and regions with tropics higher latitudes, some cultivars can be formed flowers in the lowlands around equator.
Highland areas (mountain) is the center of cabbage cultivation of flowers. Crop production center is located in West Java which is in Lembang, Cisarua, Bogor. But this time began to be planted cabbage in flower centers of other vegetables such as Bukit Tinggi (West Sumatra), PANGALENGAN, Maja and Garut (West Java), Kopeng (Central Java) and Bedugul (Bali).
Plant Type
Botanical classification cabbage plants flowers are as follows:
a) Division: Spermatophyta
b) Sub Division: Angiospermae
c) Class: Dicotyledonae
d) Family: Cruciferae
e) Genus: Brassica
f) Species: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.
g) Sub var: cauliflora DC
Brassica oleracea variety botrytis consists of 2 subvaritas cauliflora DC. which we know as the cabbage white flowers and cymosa Lamn. flowering green and famous as broccoli. Determination of cultivars based on size, mass congestion and color of flowers.
Local cultivars are cultivars are widely planted Cirateun in Lembang, while the introduction of cultivars are cultivars Early Farmers No. 2 (age 63 days of harvest) and the Fengshan Extra Early (age 59 days of harvest) from Taiwan for low to medium terrain, Snown Crown from Japan to the plains middle and high plains and Tropical Early Japanese origin for the lowlands.
Although usually only the mass of flowers which is used as a vegetable that contains complete enough minerals, plant leaves are edible and tastes sweet with no bitter taste.
Potato Cultivation
These plants originated from subtropical regions in Europe which came into Indonesia at the time Europeans arrived in Indonesia at about the 17th century or 18th.
The main centers are plants and PANGALENGAN Lembang (West Java), Magelang (East Java), Bali. Potato production in 1998 reached 1,011,316 tons.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) including seasonal vegetable crops, short-lived and shaped shrubs / bushes. Potato plants including annuals because only one time to produce, after it died. Age of potato plants between 90-180 days.
In the world of plants, potatoes are classified as follows:
a) Division: Spermatophyta
b) Subdivisions: Angiospermae
c) Class: Dicotyledonae
d) Family: Solanaceae
e) Genus: Solanum
f) Species: tuberosum L. Solanun
This plant is also known as other species that are wild species, including Solanum andigenum L, L anglgenum Solanum, Solanum demissum L and others. Many potato varieties grown in Indonesia is a yellow potato variety Granola, Atlantis, Cipanas and mountain.
Seeing nutritious, potato is the main source of carbohydrates. Potato became the staple food in many western countries. Nutrients contained in 100 grams of material was cal 347 calories, 0.3 grams protein, 0.1 grams fat, 85.6 grams carbohydrates, calcium (Ca) 20 grams, phosphorus (P) 30 mg, iron (Fe ) 0.5 mg and 0.04 mg of vitamin B.
The main centers are plants and PANGALENGAN Lembang (West Java), Magelang (East Java), Bali. Potato production in 1998 reached 1,011,316 tons.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) including seasonal vegetable crops, short-lived and shaped shrubs / bushes. Potato plants including annuals because only one time to produce, after it died. Age of potato plants between 90-180 days.
In the world of plants, potatoes are classified as follows:
a) Division: Spermatophyta
b) Subdivisions: Angiospermae
c) Class: Dicotyledonae
d) Family: Solanaceae
e) Genus: Solanum
f) Species: tuberosum L. Solanun
This plant is also known as other species that are wild species, including Solanum andigenum L, L anglgenum Solanum, Solanum demissum L and others. Many potato varieties grown in Indonesia is a yellow potato variety Granola, Atlantis, Cipanas and mountain.
Seeing nutritious, potato is the main source of carbohydrates. Potato became the staple food in many western countries. Nutrients contained in 100 grams of material was cal 347 calories, 0.3 grams protein, 0.1 grams fat, 85.6 grams carbohydrates, calcium (Ca) 20 grams, phosphorus (P) 30 mg, iron (Fe ) 0.5 mg and 0.04 mg of vitamin B.
Kangkung Called Swamp Cabbage
Kangkung classified very popular vegetable, because a lot of demand. Kangkung called Swamp cabbage, convovulus Water, Water spinach. Originated from India which later spread to Malaysia, Burma, Indonesia, China and parts of South Australia African countries.
Kangkung widely planted in Java, especially in West Java, also in Irian Jaya in Merauke District Sub watercress MUTING the granary of everyday life. Sub Darussalam in Aceh Besar district watercress crop land planted many residents for family consumption or for sale to the market.
Kangkung including Convolvulaceae tribe (family-kangkungan watercress). The position of plants in systematic watercress plants classified into:
a) Division: Spermatophyta
b) Sub-Division: Angiospermae
c) Class: Dicotyledonae
d) Family: Convolvulaceae
e) Genus: Ipomoea
f) Species: Ipomoea reptans
Kale is a fast-growing plant that gives results within 4-6 weeks from the seed. Kangkung known as Ipomoea reptans Latin name consisting of 2 (two) varieties, namely the so-called Land Kangkung. Kangkung Air China and that grow naturally in fields, marshes or ditches.
The difference between land and kale kale water:
Flower color.
Kangkung water white flowers reddish, while kale land of pure white flowers.
The shape of leaves and stems.
Trunked water watercress and leafy bigger than the land watercress. Different color bars. Trunked water green watercress, kale ground while greenish white.
Seed habit.
Watercress seed more land than water watercress. That's why watercress propagated through seeds ground, while watercress shoots water with stem cuttings.
Watercress plant part of the most important is the young stems and buds, bud as a vegetable. Kale taste good but also has high nutrient content, containing vitamins A, B and C vitamins and minerals, especially iron which are beneficial to the growth and health agencies.
Besides the animals also like watercress when mixed in food chicken, ducks, cows, rabbits and pigs.
A health expert Philippines: Herminia de Guzman Ladion put watercress in the "Magic Healing Plant", because the efficacious for healing disease "constipation" as well as drugs that are "diet". In addition, the root of watercress useful for medicine "hemorrhoids"
Kangkung widely planted in Java, especially in West Java, also in Irian Jaya in Merauke District Sub watercress MUTING the granary of everyday life. Sub Darussalam in Aceh Besar district watercress crop land planted many residents for family consumption or for sale to the market.
Kangkung including Convolvulaceae tribe (family-kangkungan watercress). The position of plants in systematic watercress plants classified into:
a) Division: Spermatophyta
b) Sub-Division: Angiospermae
c) Class: Dicotyledonae
d) Family: Convolvulaceae
e) Genus: Ipomoea
f) Species: Ipomoea reptans
Kale is a fast-growing plant that gives results within 4-6 weeks from the seed. Kangkung known as Ipomoea reptans Latin name consisting of 2 (two) varieties, namely the so-called Land Kangkung. Kangkung Air China and that grow naturally in fields, marshes or ditches.
The difference between land and kale kale water:
Flower color.
Kangkung water white flowers reddish, while kale land of pure white flowers.
The shape of leaves and stems.
Trunked water watercress and leafy bigger than the land watercress. Different color bars. Trunked water green watercress, kale ground while greenish white.
Seed habit.
Watercress seed more land than water watercress. That's why watercress propagated through seeds ground, while watercress shoots water with stem cuttings.
Watercress plant part of the most important is the young stems and buds, bud as a vegetable. Kale taste good but also has high nutrient content, containing vitamins A, B and C vitamins and minerals, especially iron which are beneficial to the growth and health agencies.
Besides the animals also like watercress when mixed in food chicken, ducks, cows, rabbits and pigs.
A health expert Philippines: Herminia de Guzman Ladion put watercress in the "Magic Healing Plant", because the efficacious for healing disease "constipation" as well as drugs that are "diet". In addition, the root of watercress useful for medicine "hemorrhoids"
Sweet Corn Cultivation
Sweet corn is a very easy plant to be maintained and have good prospects as the harvest
sweet corn
Planting sweetcorn is relatively easy. After land plowed until smooth, then stabbed with a depth of three inches to put the seeds will be planted.
Then, seeds dumped moderate. Soil texture should be crumbly. Should not be trampled upon as they may cause the soil to solid. Every hole filled with a seed with a distance of 20-70 centimeters.
At the age of four days after the seedlings grow, Cultivate with a balanced fertilizer (Urea, TS, and KCL). Then, at age 35 the second day of fertilization with the same type of fertilizer. After fertilization, corn is not even to keep the grass does not interfere with the process of flowering until ready for harvest.
In one bar, sweet corn has one-three-cob, but to keep a maximum of one stem of fruit left behind one ear. While soleng (young men) can be harvested and sold for consumption of vegetables at the age of 50 days. By selling these soleng, usually able to return capital to farmers' fertilizer and seed supply, so that farmers get full benefits at harvest time.
Soleng addition, maize leaves can also be sold for livestock feed.
In one spends 200 kg ha Urea, 100 kg of TS, and 100 kg of KCl, for fertilization twice. However, more satisfying assisted with manure to reduce chemical fertilizer. In current conditions, corn can be harvested at the age of 70 days. Short harvest time plus the processing is not difficult.
If there are symptoms of pest or disease, immediately consult with the existing agricultural extension agent or spraying the recommended pesticides Department of Agriculture. The use of pesticides are used wisely. That is, if the pest / disease over the attack threshold, the new spray.
Maize plants need adequate water for growth and provide a good product. Water is required when planting, flowering (45-55 days) and seed filling (60-80 days). It should be noted that good drainage and avoid waterlogged plants.
Sweet corn crop can be harvested when 70 days old.
Characteristics of corn can be harvested: corn husk (pack of corn corncob) light brown and dry and shiny seeds. After harvest, corn is selected and dried to 15% water content, the corn should be harvested when completely dry. Corn is ready to be sold with reasonable results.
sweet corn
Planting sweetcorn is relatively easy. After land plowed until smooth, then stabbed with a depth of three inches to put the seeds will be planted.
Then, seeds dumped moderate. Soil texture should be crumbly. Should not be trampled upon as they may cause the soil to solid. Every hole filled with a seed with a distance of 20-70 centimeters.
At the age of four days after the seedlings grow, Cultivate with a balanced fertilizer (Urea, TS, and KCL). Then, at age 35 the second day of fertilization with the same type of fertilizer. After fertilization, corn is not even to keep the grass does not interfere with the process of flowering until ready for harvest.
In one bar, sweet corn has one-three-cob, but to keep a maximum of one stem of fruit left behind one ear. While soleng (young men) can be harvested and sold for consumption of vegetables at the age of 50 days. By selling these soleng, usually able to return capital to farmers' fertilizer and seed supply, so that farmers get full benefits at harvest time.
Soleng addition, maize leaves can also be sold for livestock feed.
In one spends 200 kg ha Urea, 100 kg of TS, and 100 kg of KCl, for fertilization twice. However, more satisfying assisted with manure to reduce chemical fertilizer. In current conditions, corn can be harvested at the age of 70 days. Short harvest time plus the processing is not difficult.
If there are symptoms of pest or disease, immediately consult with the existing agricultural extension agent or spraying the recommended pesticides Department of Agriculture. The use of pesticides are used wisely. That is, if the pest / disease over the attack threshold, the new spray.
Maize plants need adequate water for growth and provide a good product. Water is required when planting, flowering (45-55 days) and seed filling (60-80 days). It should be noted that good drainage and avoid waterlogged plants.
Sweet corn crop can be harvested when 70 days old.
Characteristics of corn can be harvested: corn husk (pack of corn corncob) light brown and dry and shiny seeds. After harvest, corn is selected and dried to 15% water content, the corn should be harvested when completely dry. Corn is ready to be sold with reasonable results.
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