Chili

Chili comes from the new world (Mexico, Central America and the Andes in South America). The cause of the sharpness of chili peppers is capsaicin varies according to variety and climatic influence. Hot weather stimulates more spicy chili.

Description:

* Plants short-lived perennial shrubs, flower color depending on the species. Perakarannya system rather spread, heart, heart-shaped leaves oblong or oval with the location alternating. Main stem erect and woody at the base, with 30-75 cm tall plants.
* The first flowers appear from the top of the main axis and will appear next to the armpit leaves. White flower color to purple. The fruit can be green or purple (young) and red, orange or yellow (old). Form of fruit varied from linear, conical, rounded or combined with fruit upright position, sloping or hanging, depending on the cultivars.

Chili Type:
* Big Chili (Capsicum annuum)
o Red Chili (Chile Peppper (Ingg.), C. annuum var. longum (Latin))
o Paprika (Bell Pepper (Ingg.), C. annuum var grossum)
o green peppers (C. annum var. annuum)
* Small chilli / cayenne pepper. (Tobasco pepper (Ingg.), C. futescens (Latin))
o Chili jemprit
o Chili ceplik
o White Chili

Red Chili varieties:
* TM-999. Curly chili varieties of this hybrid has a very strong growth and solid. Pembungaannya ongoing so that it can be harvested in the long term. Yuzu 12.5 cm x 0.8 cm with a weight of 5-6 g. The fruit It was very spicy, suitable to be ground and dried. Hasul per plant ranges from 0.8-1.2 kg.
* TM 888. These hybrid varieties have a great figure and plant leaf is wider than 999 TM. A good adaptation to the environmental conditions of heat, resistant phytaphthora & anttraknosa attack. Fruit length 13.5 x 1.4 cm with a weight of 7-8 g. The fruit
* SALERO. As generally attractive curly chili lo * cal. These varieties have adapted a wide planting with productivity per hectare is high.
* Taro. Taro varieties have fruit size slightly larger than curly caabai-999 TM. Figure big and sturdy plants with long branching segments. The plant is capable of producing good * in low to moderate (up to 1000 m above sea level). Results per plant ranges from 0.75-1.2 kg, depending on the final conditions of the plant.
* Kunthi. Has a shape of a curly, coarse skin, sharp points, taste spicy like chili and uniform local clubs. Plants robust, and able to adapt the plains rendaah, moderate to high. Long harvest period of fruit production was so high with the potential result of 20 tons per hectare. Quality fruit ba * good cause this variety is consumed fresh in the form of green or red peppers and can be dried.
* Ex-01. This hybrid curly chili has the form of fruit really curly. This started a lot of chili farmers planted, although so far its development is still based on low-lying areas, but the chili Ex-01 was actually able to produce and grow well in flat * the medium to high. Chili is suitable for fresh or dried consumption, with production per hektanya able to reach more than 20 tons.
* HOT BEAUTY. Varieties of chili peppers are called chili TW. The fruit has a size of 13 x 1.4 cm and weighs 7.5 grams per fruit. Lack of red pedasdan tempting. Shape of a large and thin fruit flesh. Stay fresh for a week since the quotation. Longer harvest period and can be planted in low or high plains.
* LONG CHILI. Larger fruit size than hot beauty and hero. Fruit size 18 x 2 cm and weighs 18 grams per fruit. Red fruit color when ripe. Shape of a slender, smooth skin and thick flesh. Able to produce 2 kg per plant. Only able to produce in the highlands of 800-1500 m above sea level.
* HERO. These varieties measuring 15 x 1.8 cm and an average weight of 16 grams per fruit. Able berpraduksi planting 1,9-2,1 kg. Suitable planted in areas with an altitude of 400-800 m above sea level, but can also adapt to the low-lying 50-200 m above sea level. Antraknosa sensitive, so better planted in the dry season.
* WEDNESDAY. These varieties suitable developed in the lowlands to moderate (0-800 mdpl). Appearance branching plant with lots of solid and dense and compact theme. These varieties have a high genetic purity so that in one stretch of crop looks uniform. Resistant to pests and diseases trips yaws / antraksnosa. The fruit is cylindrical straight, sharp points, solid, thick flesh, taste spicy and deep red color gloss at masaak. The first harvest takes about 70-75 HST (days after planting) with the results of 1.0-1,5 kg / plant or about 18-27 tons / ha. The fruit is resistant to long-distance transportation.
* Marathon. Like King, Marathon also suitable varieties planted in the lowlands to moderate. Physical appearance and sturdy upright and have a more dense canopy and compact. These varieties have a high genetic purity, resistance to Pseudomonas seranaan wilting disease, yaws / antraksnosa, and leaf spots like * teri. Suitable planted in late winter or rainy season kemaraau. The average weight per fruit reaches 12. 5-14.3 g. Harvest per * funds takes approximately 70-75 HST with the results of 1.0-1.5 kg / plant or about 18-27 tons / ha. Bear fruit in storage and transport distance.
* ARIMBI-513. Having a solid appearance and a stout branch and wide. These varieties are relatively resistant to pests and diseases, especially bacterial wilt. The fruit is large, smooth tip Ian * chip, 13 cm long, 2 cm in diameter, red color, compact and highly qualified. Fruit production ongoing and began to be harvested at the age of 80 HST. The average production of 1.25-1.5 kg / plant or 22.5-27.0 with a population of 18,000 tons of plants per hectare. The fruit stand long distance transportation and can be marketed locally and exported.
* CAKRA WHITE. Cayenne pepper varieties are yellowish-white color turned bright red when ripe. Tanman very strong growth with more branching form. The position of the fruit up to the top with a slightly flattened shape and taste very spicy. Capable of producing 12 tons of fruit per hectare with an average of 300 fruits per plant, harvested at the age of 85-90 HST. White chakra is also resistant to attack antraksnosa disease.
* CAKRA GREEN. Cayenne pepper varieties are able to adapt well in the lowlands or high. When the young plants and the fruit is green turned red after cooking. Potential result 600 g per plant or 12 tons per hectare. It was hot, too * resistant against pests and diseases that attack the chilies used. Harvest took place at the age of 80 HST.

Temperature:
* 18 to 27 C
* Temperature is too high but low humidity increase the rate of transpi * resulting constellation of flowers and fruit fall.

Cultivation:
* Soil fertility and good berdrainase
* Relative resistance to soil acidity
* Semai - transplant: 4 - 5 weeks
* Pewiwilan
* In the high rainfall rates will easily fall

Harvest:
* 2 to 3 BST, the harvest interval of 2-3 days.
* In chili or chili curly, harvesting can be done up to 6 months. Cayenne pepper for 2 years to achieve. How to harvest fruit from the tree chili should be noted to avoid damage to the chilli plants that can produce optimally. Optimum temperature for storage chili 7-10 o C. If stored below this temperature may cause damage Chilling injury which damaged fruit.

Pests and Diseases:
* Worm grayak
Symptoms of the attack was the holes in the leaves. Chemically control by spraying insecticides, such as Baythroid 50 EC, 25 WP Alsystin, Curacorn. Semprotnya volume approximately 500 l water / ha.
* Cercospora leaf spot disease
Cercospora capsici cause, with symptoms of brown spots on the attack that infected leaves which gradually enlarged and caused the death of leaves. In addition to cutting and burning of infected leaves, another way of control is by spraying fungicide such as Topsin M 70 WP, Delsen MX-200 as much as 1-2 kg / ha.
* Disease Antraknosa
Cause Gleosporium piperatum and Colletotrichum capsici. Symptoms marked by decay in the chili bauh attacked. This disease can attack the fruit in both the field and in storage. Besides a good way of cultivating the land and sanitation can be chemically control as leaf spot disease.
* The virus that attacks the chili among other mosai Tobacco virus, cucumber mosaic virus. In the Cucumber mosaic virus attack symptoms of bone and flesh dried leaves of dark green leaves. Pengendalain infected plants to avoid spreading the virus by way of eradication dalah (destroyed).
* Fell sprouts (Damping-off)
Cause Phytium, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophtora. The disease is characterized by the failure of seeds to germinate or death of seedlings soon after emergence. Prevention of this disease is by soaking the seeds in a solution of the appropriate fungicide, dipped for 5 minutes in a solution of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution or by soaking in hot water (50 o C) for 1 hour. Prevention in the seedbed sowing can chalk sufficiently above the surface of the seedbed.